Secretary of State: Marco Rubio
Former Senator of Florida, Rubio, was once a rival to Trump in the 2016 Republican primaries. Known for his firm stance against China and unwavering support for Israel, as Secretary of State, Rubio is tasked with leading U.S. foreign policy in Trump’s second term, leveraging his experience and hardline stances on key international issues. Rubio and Trump initially clashed during the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, with Rubio criticising Trump’s policies and rhetoric, famously nicknaming him “a con artist.” However, after dropping out of the race, Rubio endorsed Trump as the Republican nominee, signalling a shift in their dynamic. Over time, Rubio became a staunch supporter of Trump’s policies, particularly on foreign affairs, including sanctions on China and Venezuela.
Marco Rubio was born in Miami, Florida, in 1971 to Cuban immigrant parents. Rubio earned his law degree from the University of Miami School of Law and began his political career in the Florida House of Representatives in 2000, where he quickly rose to prominence, eventually serving as Speaker from 2006 to 2008. Rubio entered the national spotlight in 2010 when he was elected to the U.S. Senate, defeating then-Governor Charlie Crist in a closely watched race. His Senate tenure focused on foreign policy, immigration, and national security, earning him a reputation as a leading voice on international affairs.
Rubio’s tenure in the Senate was marked by his leadership on foreign policy issues. As a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he championed legislation aimed at countering authoritarian regimes, including the Magnitsky Act sanctions against human rights violators. He also advocated for a tougher stance on China, calling out its human rights abuses and economic practices. Rubio played a key role in shaping U.S. policy toward Latin America. He strongly opposed the Maduro regime in Venezuela, pushing for sanctions and supporting opposition leader Juan Guaidó. Rubio’s Cuban heritage also informed his advocacy for democracy in Cuba and opposition to the Obama administration’s normalisation of relations with the Castro regime. Despite his partisan alignment, Rubio demonstrated a capacity for bipartisanship, co-sponsoring legislation such as the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, which condemned China’s actions in Hong Kong and supported pro-democracy activists.
Rubio’s early support for the bipartisan “Gang of Eight” immigration reform bill, which included a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, drew backlash from conservatives. This issue haunted his presidential campaign, as he faced accusations of flip-flopping to align with a more conservative base.
Secretary of Defense: Pete Hegseth
Pete Hegseth, a former Army National Guard officer, Fox News contributor, and prominent conservative voice, has been nominated as Secretary of Defence in Donald Trump’s second term. His longstanding association with Trump, military background, and controversial public persona make him a noteworthy figure in this role.
Hegseth’s association with Donald Trump began during the 2016 presidential campaign, when he became a vocal supporter of Trump’s “America First” agenda, particularly his policies on national security, defence, and veterans’ affairs. As a frequent guest on Fox News, Hegseth championed Trump’s views, solidifying his role as a media surrogate for the campaign. His loyalty to Trump extended into Trump’s presidency, with Hegseth being considered for roles such as Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Though he did not receive the nomination at the time, he remained a trusted advisor, providing guidance on defence and veterans’ policies. His unwavering support and alignment with Trump’s vision ultimately led to his nomination as Secretary of Defence in Trump’s second term.
Pete Hegseth was born in 1980 in Minnesota and graduated from Princeton University in 2003. He later earned a Master of Public Policy degree from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. Hegseth served in the Army National Guard, where he deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan, and Guantanamo Bay. He was awarded two Bronze Stars for his service, reflecting his leadership and commitment to national security. After his military service, Hegseth transitioned into veterans’ advocacy, serving as the executive director of two veterans’ organisations: Vets for Freedom, advocating for sustained U.S. military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan and Concerned Veterans for America, promoting free-market solutions to veterans’ healthcare issues. Hegseth’s outspoken conservatism and military credentials made him a natural fit as a Fox News contributor, where he became known for his strong defence of Trump’s policies and criticisms of liberal viewpoints. As the leader of Concerned Veterans for America, Hegseth advocated for reforms to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), including privatisation of certain healthcare services. His efforts contributed to the passing of the VA MISSION Act in 2018, which expanded healthcare options for veterans.
Hegseth’s personal life has also been the subject of public scrutiny. His high-profile divorce and allegations of extramarital affairs drew media attention, though these matters had little direct bearing on his professional qualifications. He also faced backlash for comments downplaying the risks of COVID-19, suggesting that concerns about the virus were exaggerated. This stance was widely criticised by public health experts and political opponents.
During his Senate confirmation proceedings, Hegseth could not identify the term ‘ASEAN’ and its member states.
Attorney General: Pam Bondi
Pam Bondi, former Attorney General of Florida, has been nominated to lead the Department of Justice. Bondi gained national attention for her involvement in high-profile cases and her defence of conservative values. Her appointment follows the withdrawal of Matt Gaetz from consideration.
Pam Bondi became a prominent supporter of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential campaign. Known for her media savvy and legal expertise, she frequently appeared on television to defend Trump’s policies and address criticisms of his administration.
Impeachment Defence: Bondi played a central role in Trump’s defence team during his first impeachment trial in 2020, delivering a widely publicised argument against the charges. Her performance showcased her strong alignment with Trump and helped solidify her position as one of his key legal allies. Throughout Trump’s presidency, Bondi served as an informal advisor, particularly on legal and public relations matters. Her loyalty and ability to navigate the media landscape were assets Trump valued, ultimately leading to her nomination as Attorney General in his second term.
Pam Bondi was born in 1965 in Tampa, Florida. She earned her law degree from Stetson University College of Law and began her career as a prosecutor. Bondi worked as a prosecutor in Hillsborough County, Florida, where she handled a wide range of cases, including high-profile homicides. Her reputation for being tough yet personable helped her rise in Florida’s legal community. Bondi was elected Florida’s Attorney General in 2010 and served two terms. During her tenure, she focused on issues such as consumer protection, combating human trafficking, and opioid abuse prevention.
Bondi faced scrutiny in 2013 when her campaign accepted a $25,000 donation from the Trump Foundation while her office was reviewing complaints against Trump University. Critics alleged a conflict of interest, as her office ultimately declined to pursue legal action against the now-defunct institution. Bondi denied any wrongdoing, but the incident raised ethical questions. Bondi was part of the legal team supporting Trump’s claims of voter fraud following the 2020 presidential election. Her participation in these efforts was polarising, with supporters praising her loyalty and critics questioning the legitimacy of the claims.
As Attorney General, Bondi is expected to prioritize issues central to Trump’s second-term agenda, including immigration enforcement, criminal justice reforms and consumer protections.
Secretary of the Treasury: Scott Bessent
Scott Bessent, a hedge fund CEO, has been nominated as Secretary of the Treasury. With extensive experience in financial markets, Bessent is often termed as only adult in the room on matters pertaining to economic policies and financial regulations.
Scott Bessent has built a distinguished career in the financial industry, notably as the founder of Key Square Group, a global macro hedge fund. Prior to establishing his firm, Bessent served as the Chief Investment Officer for Soros Fund Management, where he played a pivotal role in managing substantial assets and making strategic investment decisions.
Bessent’s nomination has not been without controversy. During his confirmation hearing on January 16, 2025, he faced rigorous questioning from both Democrats and Republicans on various issues, including tax policy, tariffs, and international economic relations. His support for imposing tariffs and extending tax cuts sparked debate over potential economic implications. Additionally, Bessent proposed the concept of a “shadow Fed chair,” suggesting the nomination and Senate confirmation of a successor to the current Federal Reserve Chair well before the term’s end. This idea raised concerns about the independence of the Federal Reserve and was met with criticism from various quarters, including Senator Elizabeth Warren.
Bessent would make history as the first openly gay Secretary of the Treasury and the highest-ranking openly LGBT person in U.S. history, marking a significant milestone in the representation of the LGBT community in government.
Secretary of Health and Human Services: Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a prominent environmental lawyer and activist, has been appointed as the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) under President Donald Trump’s administration. Kennedy’s extensive career, marked by significant accomplishments and controversies, along with his recent association with President Trump, positions him as a notable figure in the current political landscape.
Born on January 17, 1954, in Washington, D.C., Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is a member of the esteemed Kennedy family, being the son of former U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and nephew of President John F. Kennedy. He earned his law degree from the University of Virginia and a Master of Laws from Pace University. Kennedy has dedicated much of his career to environmental advocacy, notably serving as the chief prosecuting attorney for the Hudson Riverkeeper and as president of the Waterkeeper Alliance. His efforts have significantly contributed to the protection of water resources and environmental conservation.
Kennedy’s association with President Trump gained prominence during the 2024 presidential election. Initially running as an independent candidate, Kennedy suspended his campaign in August 2024 and endorsed Trump, marking a pivotal shift in his political alignment. Following Trump’s re-election, Kennedy was appointed to lead the Department of Health and Human Services, a decision that has sparked both support and criticism due to his controversial views on vaccines.
Kennedy has been a prominent figure in the anti-vaccine movement, expressing concerns about vaccine safety and advocating for more rigorous testing. These views have been widely criticised by public health experts and organisations, who argue that they contribute to vaccine hesitancy and undermine public health efforts.
As Secretary of Health and Human Services, Kennedy has initiated the “Make America Healthy Again” (MAHA) program, focusing on improving Americans’ diets and reducing the prevalence of chronic illnesses linked to processed foods. This initiative includes plans to ban highly processed foods in schools and promote healthier eating habits nationwide. While the program aims to address significant health issues, it also faces challenges due to Kennedy’s controversial stance on vaccines and the complexities of overhauling established food industry practices.
Secretary of Commerce: Howard Lutnick
Howard W. Lutnick, the Chairman and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald, BGC Group, and Newmark Group, has been nominated by President Donald Trump to serve as the Secretary of Commerce. Lutnick’s extensive experience in financial services and real estate, coupled with his recent association with President Trump, positions him as a significant figure in the current administration.
Howard Lutnick was born on July 14, 1961, in Jericho, Long Island, New York. He attended Haverford College, graduating in 1983 with a degree in economics. Shortly after, he joined Cantor Fitzgerald, a financial services firm specialising in bond trading. Lutnick quickly ascended the ranks, becoming President and CEO in 1991. Under his leadership, Cantor Fitzgerald expanded its services and global presence.
On September 11, 2001, Cantor Fitzgerald suffered devastating losses during the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, losing 657 employees. Lutnick, who survived due to being away from the office that morning, led the company’s recovery efforts, pledging to support the families of the victims. This commitment included distributing 25% of the firm’s profits for five years to the families and covering healthcare costs for ten years.
Serving as the co-chair of Trump’s transition team, Lutnick played a pivotal role in shaping the administration’s economic policies. His support for Trump’s “America First” trade policies and his expertise in financial markets aligned with the administration’s objectives. On November 19, 2024, then President-elect Trump announced his intention to nominate Lutnick as Secretary of Commerce.
During his tenure as head of President Trump’s transition operation, Lutnick faced accusations of improperly mixing his business interests with his duties in establishing the new administration. Some insiders alleged potential conflicts of interest, raising concerns about the influence of private business dealings on public policy. Lutnick’s financial services firms have profited from ties to China, including BGC Group’s joint venture in Beijing. Critics argue that these connections could present conflicts of interest, especially given the administration’s stance on China and trade policies.
Secretary of Transportation: Sean Duffy
Sean Duffy, a former U.S. Representative from Wisconsin and television personality, has been nominated by President Donald Trump to serve as the Secretary of Transportation.
Born on October 3, 1971, in Hayward, Wisconsin, Sean Duffy earned a marketing degree from St. Mary’s University and a law degree from William Mitchell College of Law. He gained national attention as a cast member on MTV’s “The Real World: Boston” in 1997 and its spin-off, “Road Rules: All Stars.” Transitioning to law and politics, Duffy served as the district attorney of Ashland County, Wisconsin, before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2010, representing Wisconsin’s 7th congressional district. During his tenure in Congress, Duffy was known for his conservative stance on fiscal policies and his support for deregulation. He resigned from Congress in September 2019 to focus on his family due to health complications with his newborn daughter.
As a congressman, Duffy advocated for financial deregulation, notably supporting the repeal of certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, aiming to reduce regulatory burdens on small banks and credit unions. Post-Congress, Duffy co hosted a show on Fox Business, leveraging his political experience to provide commentary on current affairs, thereby maintaining his influence in conservative circles.
In 2011, Duffy faced criticism for comments about his congressional salary, stating he was “struggling” to get by on $174,000, which was nearly three times the average income in Wisconsin at the time. The remarks were perceived as insensitive, leading to public backlash.
In November 2024, President Trump nominated Sean Duffy as Secretary of Transportation. During his Senate confirmation hearing in January 2025, Duffy addressed key issues, including the advancement of self-driving technology and the importance of federal regulations to foster innovation while ensuring safety. He pledged to allow ongoing investigations into Tesla’s advanced driving technology to proceed without interference, despite Elon Musk’s close ties to President Trump. Duffy emphasised the need for unified federal standards to keep pace with technological advancements and maintain competitiveness with countries like China.
Director of National Intelligence: Tulsi Gabbard
Former Representative Tulsi Gabbard from Hawaii has been selected as Director of National Intelligence.
Gabbard moved to Hawaii during her childhood and co-founded the Healthy Hawaii Coalition, a non-profit organisation focused on environmental protection and community health. She earned a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from Hawaii Pacific University in 2009.
In 2002, at the age of 21, Gabbard was elected to the Hawaii House of Representatives, becoming the youngest woman ever elected to a U.S. state legislature. She served in the Hawaii Army National Guard, with deployments to the Middle East and Africa, and currently holds the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Army Reserves. In 2013, Gabbard began representing Hawaii’s 2nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives, serving four terms until 2021. During her tenure, she advocated for veterans’ affairs, environmental issues, and civil liberties.
Gabbard sought the Democratic nomination for the 2020 presidential election, promoting a platform centred on non interventionist foreign policy and criminal justice reform. In 2022, she left the Democratic Party, citing ideological differences, and subsequently joined the Republican Party in 2024.
In 2017, she met with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, a move that drew criticism due to Assad’s human rights record. Gabbard’s stances on Iran, Russia, and Syria have been described as isolationist, raising concerns about her approach to U.S. foreign policy.
U.S. Trade Representative: Jamieson Greer
Jamieson Greer, former Chief of Staff to the U.S. Trade Representative, has been nominated for the role of U.S. Trade Representative.
Greer earned his Juris Doctor degree from the George Washington University Law School. He also holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Brigham Young University. Prior to his legal career, Greer served as an officer in the United States Air Force.
In the private sector, Greer is a partner at the law firm King & Spalding LLP, where he focuses on international trade matters, including addressing unfair trading practices and import competition. During President Donald Trump’s first term, Greer served as Chief of Staff to U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer. In this role, he was instrumental in developing and implementing trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs on China and the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), leading to the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).
Greer’s support for strong tariff measures, particularly against China, has been a point of contention. Critics argue that such tariffs could escalate trade tensions and impact global economic stability. Supporters, however, view these measures as necessary to protect U.S. industries and address unfair trade practices.
Ambassador to the United Nations: Elise Stefanik
Representative Elise Stefanik from New York has been appointed as Ambassador to the United Nations. She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard University.
In 2014, at age 30, Stefanik became the youngest woman elected to Congress at that time. She has been re-elected consistently, reflecting her constituents’ support. During her tenure, Stefanik has served on the House Armed Services Committee, the Committee on Education and the Workforce, and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. In 2021, she was elected as the House Republican Conference Chair, making her the third-ranking House Republican.
Initially, Stefanik was critical of Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign. However, she emerged as a staunch defender during his presidency, notably during the impeachment proceedings, where she actively participated in his defense. In November 2024, President Trump nominated Stefanik to serve as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. During her Senate confirmation hearing, she pledged to advocate for an “America First” agenda at the U.N., emphasising the need for reforms and a review of U.S. funding to ensure alignment with American interests.
Stefanik’s rapid rise within the Republican Party and her unwavering support for President Trump have attracted both praise and criticism. Critics argue that her alignment with Trump’s policies, including questioning the integrity of the 2020 election results, undermines democratic institutions. Supporters, however, view her as a strong advocate for conservative values and a key player in advancing the party’s agenda.
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency: John Ratcliffe
Former Director of National Intelligence and Representative John Ratcliffe from Texas has been selected to lead the CIA. Ratcliffe earned his Juris Doctor degree from Southern Methodist University School of Law. He began his legal career as a prosecutor and later served as the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Texas, where he focused on national security and terrorism cases.
In 2015, Ratcliffe was elected to represent Texas’s 4th Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives. During his tenure, he was recognised as one of the most conservative members of Congress. He served on the House Judiciary Committee and the House Homeland Security Committee, where he was involved in cybersecurity and counterterrorism initiatives.
Ratcliffe’s association with Donald Trump became prominent during Trump’s presidency. In 2020, he was appointed as the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), overseeing the nation’s intelligence community. During his tenure, Ratcliffe emphasised threats from nations like China and Russia and worked on advancing U.S. cyber capabilities.
In November 2024, President Trump nominated Ratcliffe to serve as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). During his Senate confirmation hearing in January 2025, Ratcliffe pledged to eliminate political biases within the agency and refocus its priorities on national security threats, particularly from China. He emphasised restoring the CIA to its primary mission of foreign intelligence collection and maintaining its apolitical nature.